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I knew nothing about the Nazis’ building projects in this northern country and could find little in the history books to enlighten me.

While researching another subject, I came across a file about Hitler’s secret plans to build a city in occupied Norway.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my father for lessons on politics and politicians and on reading between the lines Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Hitler in the Fjords 1 1 Romanticizing the North: German Press Accounts of Norway under the Nazis 11 2 Norway in the New Order: Infrastructure Building from Superhighways to Superbabies 37 3 Islands of Germanness: Soldiers’ Homes in Occupied Norway 77 4 The Nazification of Norway’s Towns: Shaping Urban Life and Environments during Wartime 125 5 z German City in the Fjords: Hitler’s Plans for New Trondheim 193 Conclusion: Ghosts in the Landscape 223 Notes 237 Works Cited 283 Index 299 Photo Credits 311 Acknowledgments T he germ of this book goes back many years, to a chance encounter in the German Federal Archives in Berlin. ∞ Printed in the United States of America. This book has been composed in Dante, Futura, and Avenir typefaces. All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-1-7 ISBN (e-book) 978-0-2 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Designed by Chris Crochetière, BW&A Books, Inc. Altona/Bahrenfeld: Cigaretten-Bilderdienst, 1936 and ( front bottom and back): Undated model of Narvik’s reconstructed center, with obelisks in front of the marching square by the Parteihaus (detail). Adolf Hitler: Bilder aus dem Leben des Führers. Hitler’s Northern Utopia Hitler’s Northern Utopia Building the New Order in Occupied Norway DESPIN A S TRATIGAKOS Princeton University Press | Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2020 by Princeton University Press Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR Jacket illustrations: ( front top) Scenery observed by Adolf Hitler on board the Deutschland in the Norwegian fjords, April 1934 (detail).